\n\t\t\t\t The Multiverse Theory is the theory that states there might be multiple or even an infinite amount of universes besides our own. Parallel universes began with the big bang that made our universe as well. Maybe, the universe we know is our universe. Maybe there is another universe which also has an \u201cEarth\u201d and we\u2019re living on Earth-2. These multiverses are also known as \u201cmeta-universes\u201d or \u201comniverses.”\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n
\n\t\t\t\t The word \u201cmultiverse\u201d was originally used back in 1895 when American philosopher and Psychologist William James used them to discuss the \u201cMultiverse Conundrum\u201d in his essay, \u201cIs Life Worth Living?” James said, \u201cTruly, all we know of good and duty proceeds from nature\u2026 [which] is all plasticity and indifference \u2013 a moral multiverse, as one might call it\u201d and then this new word was created. A century later, and James\u2019s neologism has been used by physicists in a, somewhat, different context.\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n
\n\t\t\t\t Nowadays \u2018multiverse\u2019 refers to the possible existence of many universes. In Dublin, Ireland in the early 1950s, physicist Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger gave a lecture where he stated, what he was about to say might seem crazy. In this lecture, he described that when his equations seem to display different histories, he stated that they were \u201cnot alternatives but all really happening simultaneously,” starting a discussion about alternate universes.\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n
\n\t\t\t\tMultiverses have been discussed in cosmology, physics, astronomy, religion, transpersonal psychology, and literature (mainly in science fiction and the fiction genre). The Multiverse has also been called \u201cparallel universes,” \u201calternate dimensions,” \u201cquantum universes,” or \u201cparallel worlds.” Some Physicist says that the Multiverse Theory is not a legit theory and claims that this theory is pseudo and should not be discussed in the science community. Prominent physicists, such as Neil deGrasse Tyson\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n
\n\t\t\t\t and Stephen Hawking, are advocates to the discussion of the Multiverse theory. Other physicists are against it because of the lack of evidence in this theory. In an article on Space.com, author Elizabeth Howell states that the universe we know and love is only fourteen billion years old. Stating that the universe’s age is a finite amount and it is \u201cobviously not infinite\u201d. That statement in that article is the authors argument on disproving the chance of multiple alternate universes. Howell says that is the \u201ckey problem\u201d. Seeing that the age of the universe is a finite number, that would \u201climit the number of possibilities for particles to rearrange themselves\u201d. Some other physicists would disagree.\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n
\n\t\t\t\tSince it is called multi<\/em><\/strong>verse, there are different types of universes. Brian Greene, an american theoretical physicist and string theorist, has created nine types of multiverses. The first multiverse is the Quilted universe. The Quilted universe only works in an infinite universe. An infinite universe, has an infinite amount of space. So in the quilted multiverse, ever possible event will happen an infinite amount of times but every event moves at the speed of light, preventing us from being aware of the events happening at the same time as another one.\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n \n\t\t\t\tThe second universe he discusses is the Inflationary universe. The inflationary multiverse is an alternate universe composed of \u201cpockets\u201d. This universe continues to expand but at a slower rate. The third multiverse James discusses is the Brane multiverse. This multiverse suggests that our entire universe exists on a membrane<\/em><\/strong> which is currently floating in a \u201chigher dimension\u201d or a \u201cbulk\u201d. In these bulks there are membranes with their own universes. These universes can interact with each other and\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n \n\t\t\t\t when they collide, the energy produced is more than enough to cause a big bang. The cyclic universe also has these \u2018membranes\u2019 but they have collided causing a string of Big Bangs. This multiverse bounces back and pass through time until they are ultimately pulled back together causing yet another collision, destroying the old and creating new contents.\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n \n\t\t\t\tThe next multiverse that Greene talks about is the Landscape multiverse. This multiverse relies on string theory\u2019s Calabi-Yau spaces. Fluctuations in this quantum universe changes the shapes to a lower energy level, creating a pocket with a set of laws different from the space in the surrounding area. A Calabi-Yau is a type of manifold that yields application in theoretical physics. Calabi-Yau is used particularly when in discussion about the superstring theory. The Quantum universe is an alternate\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n \n\t\t\t\t universe that creates a new universe when a diversion in events occur. As in many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics. Basically, in this multiverse, new universes are created when events that could have different outcomes happen.\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n \n\t\t\t\tThe seventh type of multiverse that Greene considers is the holographic multiverse. This multiverse assumes the holographic principles. The holographic principles states that \u201ceverything that happens in a space can be explained in terms of information that\u2019s somehow stored on the surface of that space.\u201d This principle is not a direct aspect of the string theory or M-theory but applies, broadly, to theories about gravity in any kind of spaces. The second to last type of multiverse is the Simulated\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n \n\t\t\t\t multiverse. This universe is basically what the whole Matrix trilogy is all about. The simulated multiverse exists on extremely complex computer systems that can easily replicate another world. This multiverse exist strictly on a computer generated universe. This is where we get the \u201cglitch in the matrix\u201d joke.\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n \n\t\t\t\tThe final multiverse that Brian Greene considers is the Ultimate multiverse. The Ultimate Multiverse contains every single mathematically possible universe with different laws of physics and constants. Cosmologist, Max Tegmark, states that \u201c[our] external physical reality is a mathematical structure\u201d. This physical universe is not simply described by mathematics, it is mathematics or a mathematical structure. Tegmark states \u201cIn any mathematical structure complex enough to contain such substructures,”\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n \n\t\t\t\t they “will subjectively perceive themselves as existing in a physically ‘real’ world.\u201d This multiverse is most closely related to the simulated multiverse due to the notion that it is not an actually physical universe but a parallel world that has been generated.\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n \n\t\t\t\tWhere does this leave us? Until we can find definite proof to these alternate universe then the Multiverse theory will continue to be a subject of intense debate in the science community. The study of this theory was very interesting due to the fact that there are so many different types of potential alternate universes. Greene\u2019s interpretation of the different types, in my opinion, are far more in depth than Tegmark\u2019s simple 4 types that group multiple types of universes into just 4 categories. Greene sees each universe as it\u2019s own entity and should be categorized in that way.\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n