Orwell\u2019s purpose was deeply political: he aims to warn the world about the dangers of authoritarian rule masquerading as equality. In his own words, Animal Farm was \u201cthe first book in which I tried… to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n The novella allegorically reflects events of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the rise of Stalinism. Animal Farm demonstrates how initial dreams of justice devolve into a dictatorship as oppressive as the past. Orwell, a democratic socialist, wrote the book after witnessing the \u201cnegative influence of the Soviet myth upon the western Socialist movement.\u201d He came to believe that exposing Stalin\u2019s betrayal of revolution was essential\u200b<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Since publication, Animal Farm has become a classic, significant for its blend of simple fable and biting political commentary. It remains a staple in literature classes and a cautionary tale about how power can corrupt, and how language and propaganda can cement that corruption.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The story opens on Manor Farm in England. The farm animals gather in the barn at night to hear a respected old boar\u2019s message. Old Major, the prize Middle White boar, calls the meeting to share a strange dream and inspire the animals to revolt. He describes the miserable, laborious lives the animals lead under their human farmer, Mr. Jones. Old Major declares that Man is the only real enemy who consumes without producing\u200b<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Old Major introduces the principles of Animalism: the idea that animals should unite against their oppressor and create a society of equality. In an impassioned speech, he teaches them the song \u201cBeasts of England.\u201d It paints a vision of a free future and fires the animals\u2019 revolutionary spirit\u200b<\/a>. The meeting galvanises the animals, but it also establishes their personalities, including the:<\/p>\n\n\n\n By chapter\u2019s end, the animals dream of rebellion. Though Mr. Jones scatters the meeting with a gunshot into the night air, Old Major\u2019s ideas take root. Old Major dies just days later, but his speech sets the stage for the revolution to come.<\/p>\n\n\n\n After Old Major\u2019s death, the pigs develop his idealistic teachings into a formal philosophy called Animalism. Two young pigs \u2013 Snowball and Napoleon \u2013 emerge as leaders, with a pig named Squealer as their persuasive mouthpiece<\/a>\u200b. The pigs begin secret meetings to educate the others, though they struggle against doubts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In midsummer, the Rebellion happens unexpectedly: when Mr. Jones neglects to feed the animals. He instead falls into a drunken sleep, the hungry animals break into the store-shed. Jones and his farmhands try to whip them back, but the animals revolt and chase the humans off the farm. Suddenly free, the jubilant animals burn the symbols of their oppression (whips, chains) and rename the property \u201cAnimal Farm.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n The pigs reveal that they have learned to read and write, and \u200bSnowball paints the Seven Commandments of Animalism on the barn wall<\/a>. These Seven Commandments \u2013 including \u201cWhatever goes upon two legs is an enemy\u201d and \u201cAll animals are equal\u201d \u2013 are to serve as the unalterable law of the new society\u200b<\/a>. All the animals enthusiastically agree to abide by these principles. Notably, the pigs quietly reserve certain privileges: when milk disappears, they explain they are mixing it into their mash. By the end of Chapter 2, the farm is under animal control, founded on lofty egalitarian rules, and full of optimism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In Chapter 3, the animals experience the fruit of their revolution. They work hard to bring in the first harvest without humans, and it turns out remarkably successful \u2013 the largest harvest the farm has seen\u200b<\/a>\u200b. Every animal, down to the hens and ducks, contributes in accordance with their ability. Boxer, the strong cart-horse, emerges as an idol of work ethic. His personal motto becomes \u201cI will work harder!\u201d and he labours earlier and later than anyone\u200b<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The pigs, being the most intelligent, do not do manual labor but instead supervise and direct the others. Which the animals willingly accept, as the pigs\u2019 \u201csuperior knowledge\u201d makes them naturally suited to leadership\u200b<\/a>. With the humans gone, the animals feel a sense of ownership and camaraderie in their toil \u2013 every meal tastes sweeter knowing it is truly theirs\u200b<\/a>. The farm runs smoothly and there is an air of egalitarian contentment. <\/p>\n\n\n\n However, small cracks in equality appear. The pigs set aside the milk and windfall apples for their own consumption. They justifying it through Squealer\u2019s smooth argument that the brainworkers need extra nutrition \u201cfor everyone\u2019s sake.\u201d Squealer even frightens the others with the prospect that Mr. Jones might return if the pigs fail to stay healthy. This is the animals\u2019 first encounter with pigs bending the principles of Animalism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Additionally, Snowball reduces the Seven Commandments to a single maxim \u2013 \u201cFour legs good, two legs bad.\u201d The sheep begin bleating endlessly to reinforce the animals\u2019 collective identity. Meanwhile, Benjamin the donkey remains unchanged and skeptical. When asked if he\u2019s happier after the Rebellion, Benjamin cryptically replies, \u201cDonkeys live a long time. None of you has ever seen a dead donkey,\u201d implying his doubt that real change has occurred\u200b<\/a>. Despite some unease, most animals remain proud of their early achievements and ignorant of the pigs\u2019 subtle consolidations of power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n News of Animal Farm\u2019s formation spreads quickly to other farms, carried by pigeons and local gossip. The Rebellion inspires animals elsewhere, worrying farmers in the region. Mr. Jones, desperate to reclaim his farm, rounds up some men from adjacent farms. Namely, Mr. Pilkington of Foxwood and Mr. Frederick of Pinchfield, disillusioned by their own animals singing \u201cBeasts of England.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n In October, Jones and his armed men invade Animal Farm, leading to the Battle of the Cowshed. Under Snowball\u2019s tactical leadership, the animals mount a fierce defence. Snowball, who has studied an old book of Julius Caesar\u2019s campaigns, devises a strategy: <\/p>\n\n\n\n During the battle, Snowball himself bravely charges Jones, suffering a grazing from a shotgun pellet. Boxer ferociously fights, accidentally seeming to fell a stable-lad (who survives). The animals expel the attackers, saving the farm. <\/p>\n\n\n\n This victory solidifies Animal Farm’s identity and resolve. They create military decorations: Animal Hero, First Class goes to Snowball (and Boxer, who is reluctant to take any life). Animal Hero, Second Class posthumously goes to the fallen sheep. They raise the green hoof-and-horn flag. Ultimately, the battle also heightens the rivalry between Snowball and Napoleon \u2013 Snowball\u2019s heroism earns him respect, sowing seeds of jealousy in Napoleon. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Meanwhile, humans dismiss the rebellion\u2019s success as a fluke. But Animal Farm\u2019s existence is a beacon of possibility (and some say the animals fought like lions). Chapter 4 ends with the farm secure and the Revolution spreading in spirit, but tensions growing beneath the surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Chapter 5 marks a turning point as the struggle for leadership comes to a head. Mollie the mare becomes a defector. Unwilling to give up human indulgences (sugar and ribbons), she fraternises with a neighbour farmer and soon disappears (“defects”) to a life pulling a human’s carriage. Her departure quietly underscores that not all animals prefer freedom over comfort. <\/p>\n\n\n\n More critically, Snowball and Napoleon\u2019s rivalry over the farm\u2019s future intensifies. Snowball drafts ambitious plans to build a windmill that would generate electricity and automate labor, promising warmth and leisure. Napoleon, however, vehemently opposes the windmill, calling it nonsense and concentrating on food production. At the Meeting to decide on the windmill, Snowball gives a passionate speech, almost winning over the majority. <\/p>\n\n\n\n But at the climax, Napoleon unleashes his coup: he gives a strange high-pitched whimper, and nine huge dogs \u2013 his secret guard dogs raised from pups \u2013 burst in and chase Snowball off the farm. Snowball flees for his life, escaping just in time. This sudden violence ends democratic debate on Animal Farm. Napoleon assumes sole command, declaring the abolishment of Sunday meetings. In a grim foreshadowing of totalitarian rule, Squealer then explains the new order to the shell-shocked animals. He claims that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n The animals are both uneasy and intimidated by these movs. Within a short time, Napoleon reverses course and announces the windmill will be built after all \u2013 saying it was his idea all along. The chapter ends with Napoleon\u2019s consolidation of power: the pigs move into the farmhouse, start wearing Mr. Jones\u2019s clothes, and none dare oppose. The promise of the early rebellion has given way to a pig dictatorship, with Snowball exiled and declared an enemy of the state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Under Napoleon\u2019s unchallenged rule, the animals work longer hours, often in harsh conditions, notably to build the windmill which Napoleon now champions. Boxer pushes himself to exhaustion with his mantra \u201cI will work harder.\u201d Soon, they cut rations for many animals (except the pigs and dogs). The pigs begin bending the Commandments openly. They engage in trade with humans: Napoleon hires Mr. Whymper, a solicitor, as an intermediary to procure supplies that the farm needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The sight of Napoleon on two legs, bargaining with humans, unsettles some animals, as it seems to violate Old Major\u2019s teachings. Indeed, the pigs move into the farmhouse and sleep in beds, which alarms the animals until Squealer, with clever wordplay, points out that the Commandment forbids beds \u201cwith sheets.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n When checked, the barn wall indeed reads \u201cNo animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets,\u201d and Squealer explains that a bed merely means \u201ca place to sleep\u201d and the pigs need comfort as brainworkers. The animals accept this blatant alteration of the rules. It’s evident that the animals, lacking clear memories, doubt themselves. Meanwhile, Napoleon\u2019s regime grows more repressive. He rarely appears in public, and when he does it is with pomp and the fierce guard dogs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n By fall, a storm ravages the farm and topples the windmill: all that remains is rubble. Napoleon immediately blames Snowball\u2019s sabotage, sentencing the exiled pig to death in absentia and using the threat of this unseen \u201ctraitor\u201d to rally the animals. Furious and determined to crush the supposed enemy within, Napoleon urges the animals to rebuild the windmill, even as the toil will be even greater in the coming winter. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ultimately, chapter 6 shows the pigs’ gradual betrayal of the Seven Commandments. There\u2019s also the cultivation of Snowball as a scapegoat to consolidate Napoleon\u2019s power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The farm endures a terrible winter in Chapter 7. Food grows scarce, and the animals face starvation \u2013 a situation paralleling the famines under Stalin\u2019s rule. To hide the crisis from the outside world, Napoleon has the nearly empty grain bins filled with sand and topped with a layer of grain, fooling Mr. Whymper (and thus human society) into believing Animal Farm is still prosperous. Under extreme hardship, the hens rebel when Napoleon orders a quota of their eggs to sell (a violation of one Commandment). In protest, the hens smash their eggs rather than surrender them. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Napoleon reacts with brutality: he cuts off the hens\u2019 rations, and after several die, the survivors capitulate. A climate of fear and repression takes hold. Napoleon, rarely seen, issues orders through Squealer. Snowball continues to be the convenient enemy; he receives blame as a saboteur whenever misfortune occurs. Tensions peak with a shocking scene of violence and betrayal: Napoleon calls all animals to assemble and forces several animals to make false confessions of treachery (some confess to absurd plots supposedly with Snowball). Upon each confession, Napoleon\u2019s dogs tear out the throats of the \u201ctraitors,\u201d executing a number of animals in front of everyone\u200b<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The surviving animals are now miserable. Animalism and its principles no longer have meaning \u2013 no animal was ever supposed to kill another, yet the dogs have killed many. Clover and the other animals, except the pigs and dogs, huddle together, confused and fearful. That night, they all creep to the barn wall and, for the first time, suspect there was an alteration of the commandments. Now, the Sixth Commandment reads \u201cNo animal shall kill any other animal without cause<\/a>.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n True to form, Squealer insists all is the same, as there was justification for the executions. In response to this purge, \u201cBeasts of England\u201d is outlawed. Napoleon replaces it with an anthem glorifying Animal Farm (and by extension himself), penned by the pig Minimus. The end of Chapter 7 finds the farm ruled by terror. The ideals of the rebellion lie in tatters, as Napoleon\u2019s totalitarian regime is in full force, complete with purges, propaganda, and historical revisionism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n With Napoleon\u2019s tyranny entrenched, Chapter 8 shows the cult of personality and further corruption of ideals. The Commandments continue to be subject to subtle revision. Eventually, the animals notice a new qualification to the Fifth Commandment \u2013 \u201cNo animal shall drink alcohol to excess.\u201d Remarkably, this just happens to appear only after the pigs discover a cellar of whisky and indulge in a drunken night\u200b<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Napoleon seldom appears in public, but when he does he is flanked by trumpeting roosters and his fierce dogs. He takes on grandiose titles (like \u201cFather of All Animals, Protector of the Sheepfold, Ducklings\u2019 Friend\u201d etc.). Minimus’ new poem \u201cComrade Napoleon\u201d is inscribed on the barn wall, opposite the Seven Commandments. Napoleon is openly elevated above the other animals: they must show reverence and receive all orders through Squealer. Despite the oppression, the animals remain proud to be the only farm run by animals and not humans. They comfort themselves that at least Mr. Jones is gone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The outside world still watches: Mr. Frederick (of Pinchfield) finally offers to buy a pile of timber from Animal Farm. Napoleon negotiates between Frederick and Pilkington, eventually selling to Frederick after extracting a higher price. But Frederick betrays them \u2013 he pays with forged banknotes, effectively stealing the timber. Napoleon, outraged, prepares for an attack. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Frederick and his men soon invade the farm with guns, leading to the Battle of the Windmill. The men blow up the windmill with dynamite, shattering the animals\u2019 years of hard work. Enraged, the animals fight back ferociously and drive the humans out, though at great cost. Many, like Boxer, suffer injuries, and a cow and some other animals perish. <\/p>\n\n\n\n The pigs declare this a victory (albeit a dubious one, since the windmill is no more). They hold a celebration. Ironically, after the battle, the pigs discover a case of whisky and imbibe. Napoleon himself has a severe hangover, during which he believes he is dying, and in his delirium he orders drinking alcohol punishable by death. Yet when he recovers, Napoleon learns to brew beer and soon has the pigs start a small brewery, allocating themselves a daily ration. By the end of Chapter 8, all the original Commandments except one have gone or subject to amendment. The worn out animals are fearful, but they dare not question the pigs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Several animals spot Squealer one night near the barn wall with a bucket of paint. Yet there is even an explanation for this suspicious incident. The pigs have become indistinguishable from the cruel human farmers in everything but appearance; only one Commandment (for now) remains as it originally was: \u201cAll animals are equal.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n In Chapter 9, the farm, despite outwardly being a \u201cRepublic\u201d with Napoleon as its elected President (he is the only candidate), is effectively a dystopia for most animals. The windmill is being rebuilt yet again. Life grows ever more unequal and harsh. They cut rations (except for pigs and dogs) again, now to starvation levels. The pigs use rousing propaganda, such as \u201cSpontaneous Demonstrations\u201d where animals march and celebrate the farm\u2019s triumphs. It is meant to distract everyone from their hunger and fatigue. The ageing Boxer continues to work at a punishing pace to finish the windmill, despite a serious split in his hoof. He dreams only of seeing the windmill completed and then quietly retiring with his friend Benjamin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n However, Boxer\u2019s fate illustrates the cruel betrayal of Animal Farm\u2019s ideals. One summer day, Boxer collapses while hauling stone. The pigs announce they will send him to a veterinary hospital in town. A truck comes for Boxer, but Benjamin reads the side of the van and realises in horror that it belongs to a knacker (glue-boiler). A panic ensues as the animals cry out for Boxer to escape, but he is too weak and is taken away to his death. Squealer later claims the truck had been bought by the veterinarian and simply hadn\u2019t been repainted, and that Boxer received the best medical care before dying \u2013 but the truth is clear when the pigs mysteriously acquire money for a case of whisky the following week. Boxer\u2019s tragic end devastates the other animals; he was the most loyal and hardworking comrade, and in return the pigs sold him for profit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yet even this shock suffers through more propaganda. Squealer gives a speech extolling Boxer\u2019s loyalty and urging others to emulate his maxims of hard work and obedience. By the end of Chapter 9, only a few animals even remember life before the rebellion. The principles of Animal Farm are a nightmare instead of the dream. Now the pigs live in comfort, and even erect a schoolroom for a litter of piglets. The piglets receive special treatment and better educational opportunities. All while the other animals toil hungry. Still, many remain hopeful that \u201cGolden future time\u201d that Old Major dreamed of will come \u2013 a hope that readers can see is increasingly in vain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Years pass in the final chapter, and Animal Farm undergoes a complete transformation \u2013 and betrayal \u2013 of its original ideals. Many of the original animals have died; few remember the days before the Rebellion clearly. The younger generation has grown up under the pigs\u2019 regime and knows nothing else. The windmill is finished (and used not for the promised electricity to improve animals\u2019 lives, but for milling corn profitably). The farm seems richer, but the common animals\u2019 lives are as bleak as ever: they work long hours on meagre rations, and the pigs and dogs reap the benefits. By now, the pigs openly walk on two legs \u2013 a shock to the other creatures. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Clover sees Squealer training the sheep to repeat a new slogan, and one day the pigs emerge walking upright, with Napoleon carrying a whip. The sheep drown out any protests with a new bleat: \u201cFour legs good, two legs better.\u201d The animals creep to the barn wall and find the Seven Commandments are now one maxim: <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cAll animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.\u201d <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n The pigs have begun wearing human clothes, reading human magazines, and smoking pipes. Soon after, the pigs invite neighboring human farmers (including Pilkington) for a tour and banquet. The other animals watch through the farmhouse window as Napoleon and Mr. Pilkington toast each other, congratulating the pigs on running a farm with the \u201clower animals\u201d doing more work and receiving less food than on other farms. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Pilkington notes with admiration that the animals at Animal Farm work hard on minimal rations \u2013 a situation he says \u201cis something to which the rest of us might aspire.\u201d The pigs and humans play a game of cards, during which a dispute breaks out \u2013 Napoleon and Pilkington each accuse the other of cheating by playing an ace of spades. As the argument erupts, the animals realise with horror that they can no longer distinguish the pigs from the men. The final scene has the animals peering in, unable to tell pig and human apart, symbolising the complete betrayal of the rebellion\u2019s ideals. Animal Farm thus ends on a powerful note: the original oppressors (humans) and the new oppressors (pigs) are identical \u2013 tyranny has prevailed over equality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Napoleon, a large Berkshire boar, is the main antagonist of Animal Farm. From the start, Orwell describes him as \u201ca large, rather fierce-looking\u201d pig who \u201chad a reputation for getting his own way<\/a>.\u201d Quiet yet cunning, Napoleon represents the archetype of the power-hungry dictator. He is an allegorical figure for Joseph Stalin\u200b<\/a>, the Soviet leader \u2013 through Napoleon\u2019s rise, Orwell critiques how Stalin seized control of a revolution. Napoleon exhibits ruthless ambition: he raises a private army of dogs to eliminate his rival Snowball, just as Stalin used his secret police to oust Trotsky. <\/p>\n\n\n\n After violently exiling Snowball, Napoleon monopolises power, abolishing democratic meetings and installing himself as supreme leader. He cultivates a cult of personality, taking titles and indulging in special privileges (e.g. drinking whisky, wearing a crown of laurels in one scene, fathering dozens of piglets whom he grooms as an elite class). As a ruler, Napoleon is brutal and calculating. He instigates the farm\u2019s bloodiest events \u2013 the show trials and executions in Chapter 7 \u2013 to instill fear and quash dissent. Like Stalin, he frequently revises history and uses propaganda to justify his actions. Through Squealer, he spreads lies that glorify his leadership and vilify Snowball (mirroring Stalin\u2019s propaganda against Trotsky).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Under Napoleon, the original Seven Commandments are progressively altered to excuse the pigs\u2019 violations. By the end, Napoleon and his pigs walk on two legs and behave exactly like the human tyrants the animals overthrew. Napoleon\u2019s character illustrates how a revolutionary leader can become indistinguishable from a totalitarian oppressor. Orwell portrays him as the ultimate traitor to Animalism. Napoleon’s personal thirst for power leads him to destroy the very equality and freedom the Rebellion sought. In the allegory, Napoleon represents Stalin’s corrupt dictatorship, showing how one pig\u2019s tyranny replaces another\u2019s in the cycle of oppression\u200b<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Snowball is an intelligent, passionate boar who emerges as one of the early leaders of Animal Farm. He is a stand-in for Leon Trotsky, the Russian revolutionary leader subject to exile by Stalin. Orwell depicts Snowball as a pig of idealism and quick intellect: he is \u201cmore vivacious\u2026 quicker in speech and more inventive\u201d than Napoleon, though \u201cnot considered to have the same depth of character.<\/a>\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n Snowball genuinely works for the betterment of all animals \u2013 he organises numerous committees and classes to educate them, and he is the chief architect of the windmill project, envisioning technological progress that would reduce work hours and improve comfort. As a military leader, Snowball is brave and strategic: he plans the defense in the Battle of the Cowshed and personally fights at the front, sustaining an injury and earning the honor of \u201cAnimal Hero, First Class.\u201d These qualities make Snowball popular and respected among the animals. <\/p>\n\n\n\n However, Snowball is politically na\u00efve in the face of Napoleon\u2019s treachery. He fails to anticipate Napoleon\u2019s ruthless drive for power. In the great debate over the windmill, Snowball\u2019s eloquence nearly persuades the animals, but Napoleon\u2019s sudden unleashing of the dogs forces Snowball into exile. After his expulsion, Snowball becomes a scapegoat for all the farm\u2019s misfortunes. Napoleon (Stalin) rewrites history, alleging that Snowball was a traitor from the start \u2013 even claiming Snowball sabotaged the revolution and colluded with Mr. Jones. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Despite these slanders, Snowball\u2019s contributions are evident: the windmill that the animals eventually build was originally his idea. Snowball\u2019s idealism and vision contrast with Napoleon\u2019s brutality. He represents the kind of leader the revolution could have had \u2013 more intellectually inclined and morally motivated \u2013 but also shows the vulnerability of such leaders in a power struggle. In the allegory, Snowball\u2019s exile and vilification parallel Trotsky\u2019s fate. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Orwell uses Snowball to demonstrate that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Snowball’s legacy on the farm is the windmill and the lingering notion of progress. But having lost the struggle for power, they invoke his namepower struggle only under a cloud of lies once Napoleon\u2019s propaganda takes hold.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Benjamin is the old donkey on the farm, notable for his cynical, world-weary outlook. He is the oldest animal with a steadfast, if gloomy, detachment. Throughout the story, Benjamin \u201cnever laughed\u201d and \u201cnever became enthusiastic\u201d about the Rebellion or its leaders, maintaining that life would go on badly no matter who was in charge\u200b<\/a>. His most famous remark, delivered whenever other animals ask for his opinion, is \u201cDonkeys live a long time. None of you has ever seen a dead donkey.\u201d\u200b<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n This cryptic statement encapsulates Benjamin\u2019s belief that nothing truly changes. He implies he has outlived many upheavals and expects to outlive this one too, cynical that the promised better life will never materialise. Benjamin is literate (as intelligent as the pigs in reading), but he pointedly refuses to use his ability \u2013 symbolising those who see the truth but choose not to act. Benjamin represents the intelligentsia or skeptic in society who recognises tyranny early but feels powerless or unwilling to resist actively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Despite his sarcasm and aloofness, Benjamin has a soft spot: his friendship with Boxer the horse. He is one of the few who stand by Boxer\u2019s side, helping Boxer during his injury. In fact, Benjamin\u2019s calm disinterest turns to urgency in Chapter 9 when he alone realises Boxer will die. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Benjamin\u2019s attempt to save Boxer (by alerting the others to the fate that awaits their friend) is the only time he actively breaks his apathy. After Boxer\u2019s death, Benjamin becomes even more withdrawn and bitter. Benjamin\u2019s character illustrates the consequences of inaction. He accurately perceives the pigs\u2019 corruption early on \u2013 he notices every commandment change. But he says nothing until it is far too late. Orwell may be using Benjamin to criticise those in society who grasp what is happening (the erosion of rights, rise of tyranny) but do little to stop it. <\/p>\n\n\n\n In the end, Benjamin is right that the revolution fails. But his cynicism also becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. By never speaking against the pigs until the very end, he tacitly allows their domination to go unchallenged. Thus, Benjamin represents the informed skeptic whose stubborn pessimism and passivity contribute to the very outcome he privately feared. It’s a caution that cynicism can enable tyranny just as ignorance can.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In Animal Farm, Orwell offers a scathing portrayal of totalitarianism by showing how the pigs consolidate absolute power and betray the revolution\u2019s ideals. A totalitarian regime is one that seeks to control all aspects of life under a single authoritarian party or leader. This includes government, economy, education, and even the citizens\u2019 thoughts. <\/p>\n\n\n\n On Animal Farm, Napoleon\u2019s rule becomes totalitarian: he and the pigs dictate every facet of the animals\u2019 existence. Orwell critiques this authoritarian rule by illustrating its core features on the farm:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Napoleon gradually develops into a dictator who tolerates no opposition. To wit, he cancels public meetings, makes decisions unilaterally, and executes dissidents. <\/p>\n\n\n\n The dogs (his secret police) enforce obedience through terror. Meanwhile, Squealer\u2019s propaganda ensures the animals\u2019 minds are controlled with lies and misinformation. The animals, initially hopeful and egalitarian, become slaves to a new tyranny. As such, they work long hours, their rations are continuously cut, and they live in fear of execution or punishment. Orwell\u2019s message is that the pigs\u2019 regime is indistinguishable from human tyrannies. In fact, by the end, the pigs are human-like tyrants, walking on two legs and carrying whips. Totalitarianism in Animal Farm is embodied in the slogan \u201cNapoleon is always right.\u201d Essentially, one leader\u2019s will supplants all law or debate. <\/p>\n\n\n\n The novella shows that such regimes sustain themselves through violence (the purges), intimidation (the dogs\u2019 constant presence), and propaganda (rewriting history and commandments). Importantly, Orwell also demonstrates how the populace\u2019s ignorance and acquiescence enable totalitarianism: the other animals, lacking education and memory, are manipulated into docility. This reflects one of Orwell\u2019s broader critiques: revolutions can degenerate into dictatorships if the people are not vigilant and empowered. As Orwell wrote of his own work<\/a>, <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cEvery line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for democratic socialism.\u201d\u200b<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n Animal Farm is a vehicle for that stance, condemning the way Stalin\u2019s Soviet Union (the allegorical pig regime) became a brutal totalitarian state\u2014far from the original egalitarian ideals. In the book\u2019s final scene, the ultimate horror of totalitarianism is laid bare. The pigs in power are indistinguishable from the human oppressors they replace. It emphasizes Orwell\u2019s warning that unchecked power leads to the same tyranny, regardless of who holds it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Upon establishing Animal Farm, the animals create the Seven Commandments of Animalism. It is a set of egalitarian principles meant to safeguard the revolution’s ideals. These Commandments are painted in large white letters on the barn wall for all to see and remember\u200b<\/a>. They include strictures like <\/p>\n\n\n\n Initially, the Seven Commandments serve as the constitutional foundation of the animals\u2019 new society, encapsulating the dream of a farm run by animals for their own benefit, in stark contrast to human corruption. However, as the pigs gain power, they begin to manipulate and alter these Commandments to justify their privileges and abuses. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Each change corresponds to the pigs breaking the very rule in question. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n These changes are not announced; they are done furtively, and most animals are too dim or forgetful to realise the commandments have been altered \u2013 they doubt their own memories when Squealer brazenly insists the words were always that way. The manipulation of the Seven Commandments is a central symbol of how those in power can subvert a society\u2019s laws to strengthen their control. Each Commandment was supposed to be an \u201cunalterable law\u201d for a better life\u200b<\/a>, yet \u201cwith the passage of time, these commandments were not only violated but also routinely altered by the pigs for their own selfish motives<\/a>.\u201d\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n This erosion of principles illustrates the theme of the corruption of ideals: what began as noble tenets of equality and freedom are steadily twisted into tools of oppression. The fact that the other animals come to accept statements like \u201cmore equal\u201d shows the power of propaganda and conditioning \u2013 language is used to mask absurd inequalities with an appearance of logic. <\/p>\n\n\n\n In essence, the fate of the Seven Commandments \u2013 reduced from seven egalitarian rules to one elitist maxim \u2013 symbolises the betrayal of the revolution. Orwell thus highlights how revolutionary slogans and laws can be gradually reinterpreted or erased entirely by those who seek personal power, leaving the populace with no memory of the original ideals. The Commandments\u2019 manipulation is a stark warning: vigilance and education are required to prevent leaders from literally re-writing the rules of society to benefit themselves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Orwell was deeply concerned with how those in power manipulate language as a tool of control, and Animal Farm provides a clear depiction of propaganda in action. The pig Squealer personifies the propaganda apparatus in a totalitarian regime. Described as a \u201cbrilliant talker\u201d who could \u201cturn black into white\u201d\u200b<\/a>, Squealer twists truth and logic to persuade the other animals to accept Napoleon\u2019s every decision. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Through Squealer\u2019s speeches, Orwell shows the techniques of propaganda: lies, euphemisms, fear-mongering, and revisionism. For example, when the pigs take the milk and apples for themselves, Squealer convinces the animals that this is scientifically proven to be necessary for the pigs\u2019 brainwork, and that if the pigs fail in health, Jones might return \u2013 playing on the animals\u2019 fear to force their acceptance. He constantly uses Jones as a bogeyman (\u201cSurely none of you wishes to see Jones back?\u201d) to justify the pigs\u2019 privileges and any harsh policy. This parallels how totalitarian regimes invoke external threats or past enemies to stoke fear and obedience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n As the story progresses, Squealer rewrites history with astonishing audacity. He claims that Snowball was a criminal all along, that Napoleon was the true hero at the Battle of the Cowshed, and even that Napoleon invented the windmill idea \u2013 all blatant lies. When the Commandments are altered, Squealer employs \u201cdoublespeak\u201d to explain away the changes (e.g. claiming beds were never banned, only sheets were). The common animals, with poor memory and limited education, are susceptible to these distortions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Orwell demonstrates that control of information is key to maintaining power: by controlling the narrative, the pigs ensure no one can challenge their authority with facts. The sheep chanting \u201cFour legs good, two legs bad\u201d (and later \u201cfour legs good, two legs better\u201d) serve to drown out thought or debate, showing how slogans can reduce complex issues to simplistic, mind-numbing phrases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Language control in Animal Farm reaches its climax when the Seven Commandments are replaced by the nonsensical maxim \u201csome animals are more equal than others.\u201d The pigs rely on the animals\u2019 inability to critically parse such contradictions; years of propaganda and fear have dulled their capacity to resist even obvious abuse of language. Orwell\u2019s point is that in a totalitarian setting, language becomes a weapon: it is used not to communicate truth but to obscure it and manipulate the populace\u200b<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Squealer\u2019s propaganda is akin to the Soviet Union\u2019s Pravda or the constant stream of misinformation in any dictatorship. Through lies repeated often, the pigs turn the revolutionary ethos on its head without an outcry. We also see propaganda in the form of songs and ceremonies \u2013 \u201cBeasts of England\u201d initially unites animals against tyranny, but once it\u2019s banned, Minimus\u2019s anthem glorifying Napoleon takes its place, transforming the revolutionary spirit into cult worship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Orwell\u2019s portrayal of propaganda in Animal Farm is a direct critique of how language was perverted under Stalin (and other regimes). By controlling language, the pigs control thought \u2013 the animals have no words to question the pigs\u2019 actions if the concepts (like equality) have been redefined. This theme is a precursor to Orwell\u2019s later novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, which explores language control through \u201cNewspeak.\u201d In Animal Farm, the message is succinct: freedom of thought is lost when words are twisted and truth is silenced, making propaganda one of the most powerful tools of oppression on the farm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Animal Farm is a highly structured allegory of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the subsequent Stalinist era in the Soviet Union. Each major character and event in the novel corresponds to a historical figure or happening in Soviet history\u200b<\/a>. Understanding this context enriches our reading of the novella, as Orwell\u2019s satire closely parallels real people and events up to the mid-1940s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n At the start, Old Major represents a composite of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin. Like Marx, Old Major inspires the revolution with his vision of a classless society (his speech mirrors Marx\u2019s Communist Manifesto call for the workers of the world to unite\u200b<\/a>). After his death, Old Major\u2019s skull is put on display, much as Lenin\u2019s embalmed body was venerated \u2013 a symbol of the ideals of the revolution. Mr. Jones, the drunken farmer, symbolises Tsar Nicholas II (the autocratic ruler overthrown by the Russian Revolution). Jones\u2019s negligence and eventual ouster in the Rebellion correspond to the February 1917 uprising that forced Nicholas II to abdicate \u2013 an uprising that, like the animals\u2019, was due to mismanagement and famine and succeeded with relative ease\u200b<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The revolutionary takeover of the farm leads to a period akin to Russia\u2019s early Soviet phase. Animal Farm\u2019s establishment parallels the early Soviet Union, with the Seven Commandments echoing the lofty promises of socialist ideology. The rivalry between the pigs Napoleon and Snowball is a direct allegory of the power struggle between Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky. Snowball (Trotsky) is a fervent intellectual and idealist who favors rapid progress (his windmill project symbolises Trotsky\u2019s push for industrialisation and \u201cpermanent revolution\u201d). Napoleon (Stalin), in contrast, is power-hungry and cunning; he consolidates power behind the scenes and eventually uses force to eliminate Snowball just as Stalin exiled Trotsky and later had him assassinated. <\/p>\n\n\n\n After Snowball\u2019s expulsion, Napoleon\u2019s dictatorship on the farm represents Stalin\u2019s totalitarian rule in the 1930s, including the Great Purges. The forced confessions and executions of allegedly traitorous animals in Chapter 7 directly parallel Stalin\u2019s 1936\u20131938 Purge Trials<\/a>, where many loyal Bolsheviks were coerced into confessing to absurd conspiracies and executed\u200b. During these purges, Stalin cultivated a climate of fear and eliminated anyone seen as a potential rival or dissenter \u2013 which is exactly what Napoleon achieves by killing several animals while blaming Snowball for plotting against the farm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Squealer represents the propaganda machine (often associated with Vyacheslav Molotov and the Soviet state newspaper Pravda). His twisting of truth corresponds to how Soviet propaganda justified famines, purges, and the privileges of the Communist Party elite. Boxer, the hardworking horse, is emblematic of the loyal proletariat (working class) \u2013 steadfast and strong but tragically exploited by the regime. Boxer\u2019s eventual fate (being sold to the knacker when he\u2019s no longer useful) is Orwell\u2019s commentary on how Stalin\u2019s government betrayed the working class, despite all slogans about the dignity of labor\u200b<\/a>. It reflects the broader betrayal of the revolutionary masses, who gave their all to the cause only to be discarded.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Other characters also have clear allegorical roles. <\/p>\n\n\n\n The farmers Mr. Pilkington and Mr. Frederick represent capitalist powers around Soviet Russia \u2013 Pilkington, the easy-going owner of Foxwood, represents Britain (and the Allies in general), while the shrewd, nasty Frederick of Pinchfield represents Germany (Hitler). Their relations with Animal Farm mirror diplomatic events: the timber deal and Frederick\u2019s cheating payment with forged banknotes allude to the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact of 1939, which Stalin made with Hitler (the pact was an agreement that Hitler betrayed, just as Frederick betrays Napoleon). <\/p>\n\n\n\n Frederick\u2019s subsequent attack on Animal Farm \u2013 the Battle of the Windmill \u2013 corresponds to Hitler\u2019s invasion of the USSR in 1941 (Operation Barbarossa) and the heavy devastation of World War II. The animals\u2019 pyrrhic victory in the Battle of the Windmill, driving Frederick away but losing the windmill, is analogous to the Soviet victory in World War II achieved at enormous cost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Finally, the Card Game scene at the end is a direct allegory of the onset of the Cold War. The banquet with the pigs and humans represents the Tehran Conference (1943) where Stalin (Napoleon) met with Western leaders (like Churchill, represented by Pilkington)<\/a>. In Orwell\u2019s allegory, both sides toast each other but then cheat and accuse each other \u2013 symbolising the breakdown of the wartime alliance and the beginning of post-war tensions between the Soviet Union and the West. Orwell himself noted that he \u200bintended the novel to end on a note of discord, not a harmonious merger<\/a>.\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n The animals observing that they cannot tell pigs from men signifies that the Soviet communists had become indistinguishable from the corrupt capitalist elites they once opposed, highlighting Orwell\u2019s central theme: the revolution\u2019s leaders became what they hated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In summary, Animal Farm\u2019s narrative arc (the Revolution, the struggle between Snowball and Napoleon, the construction and destruction of the windmill, the purges, and the final collusion with humans) is a mirror of Soviet history from 1917 through World War II. Orwell\u2019s use of farm animals and simple language in no way diminishes the complexity of this allegory; instead, it makes the historical critique accessible and sharply pointed. The novel serves as a cautionary tale that revolutions can betray themselves, and it immortalises the idea that \u201cAll animals are equal, but some are more equal than others\u201d \u2013 a direct jab at the hypocrisy of Soviet communism’s edicts about equality<\/a>.\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n The ending of Animal Farm is both profoundly ironic and bleak. As the common animals peer through the farmhouse window, they see the pigs dining with human farmers, toasting and playing cards. Napoleon\u2019s final transformation \u2013 standing on two legs, wearing human clothes, and fraternizing with Mr. Pilkington \u2013 completes the allegory: the revolutionary leaders (the pigs) have become indistinguishable from the oppressive humans they replaced. <\/p>\n\n\n\n The famous last line illustrates this chilling revelation: <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cThe creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig\u2026 but already it was impossible to say which was which.\u201d <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n This scene symbolises the ultimate betrayal of the revolution. All the principles of Animalism have been erased; the sole remaining Commandment reads: <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cALL ANIMALS ARE EQUAL, BUT SOME ANIMALS ARE MORE EQUAL THAN OTHERS.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n This is an open mockery of the animals\u2019 hopes. The ending drives home Orwell\u2019s warning that without true equality, a new tyranny will mirror the old.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Importantly, Orwell intended the final card game and quarrel to emphasise a note of continuing discord rather than a neat resolution\u200b<\/a>. During the toast, Mr. Pilkington and Napoleon congratulate each other, but their poker game ends in cheating and shouting \u2013 Napoleon and Pilkington both play an ace of spades. This conflict suggests that the pigs\u2019 alliance with the humans is temporary and illusory; each side seeks advantage, foreshadowing future conflict (an allusion to the quickly soured relations between Stalin and the Western Allies after WWII). <\/p>\n\n\n\n Orwell wrote the book just after the Tehran Conference, and he did not believe the wartime camaraderie would last long\u200b<\/a>. Thus, the ending also implies that the masses on the farm (and by extension, the people in a state) remain trapped in a cycle of oppression: now subject to a porcine elite who are as exploitative as the humans, and with external hostilities brewing anew.<\/p>\n\n\n\n For the reader, the ending evokes a sense of tragic inevitability. We have witnessed each step of the pigs\u2019 corruption, and yet the speed and completeness of their metamorphosis still shocks. In narrative terms, the ending underscores the book\u2019s central themes: the corrupting nature of power, the gullibility or powerlessness of the governed, and the betrayal of noble ideals. The very simplicity of the animals\u2019 perspective \u2013 they cannot even tell pig from man \u2013 is what makes the finale so haunting. <\/p>\n\n\n\n It confirms that Animal Farm\u2019s experiment in equality has failed utterly, bringing the story full circle. Manor Farm (as Napoleon pointedly renames it at the end) goes back to business as usual, a farm run by cruel masters overworked, starving servants. The only difference is that the new masters walk on four (now two) legs instead of two (now dressed in pants). This collapse of the distinction between oppressor and oppressed is Orwell\u2019s final satiric punch, driving home that slogans and symbols mean nothing if the underlying power structures don\u2019t change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In sum, the ending of Animal Farm serves as a powerful indictment of the events that inspired it: just as the Soviet Union under Stalin ended up betraying the proletarian revolution and forming a new privileged class, Animal Farm ends with pigs indistinguishable from men, and the farm\u2019s populace no closer to freedom or equality than at the start. <\/p>\n\n\n\n It leaves the reader with a resounding question about revolutions: How can one prevent today\u2019s liberators from becoming tomorrow\u2019s tyrants? Orwell doesn\u2019t offer a simple answer, but his ending scene ensures that the question lingers unsettlingly in our minds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Napoleon the pig is a direct allegorical representation of Joseph Stalin, the dictator of the Soviet Union. Through Napoleon\u2019s character, Orwell mirrors Stalin\u2019s trajectory from revolutionary leader to tyrannical despot. Like Stalin, Napoleon is not a charismatic idealist (compare him to Snowball\/Trotsky) but rather a shrewd opportunist who prioritises power above all else. Several aspects of Napoleon\u2019s actions and traits correspond to Stalin\u2019s historical behavior:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Napoleon\u2019s expulsion of Snowball by force (using trained attack dogs) parallels Stalin\u2019s expulsion of Trotsky from the Communist Party and later from the USSR, using loyal agents and secret police. Just as Stalin saw Trotsky as a threat to his power, Napoleon sees Snowball as a dangerous rival and removes him to become unchallenged leader.<\/p>\n\n\n\n After consolidating power, Napoleon begins to be glorified and cannot be criticised. Squealer calls him \u201cLeader\u201d and attributes every good idea or success to Napoleon. This mirrors Stalin\u2019s cult of personality, where history was rewritten to credit Stalin for achievements and he was idealised as the infallible father of the nation. The pig Minimus\u2019s poem \u201cComrade Napoleon\u201d and the titles Napoleon assumes recall the praise-laden propaganda and titles used for Stalin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Napoleon uses fear as a tool of control \u2013 the ferocious dogs enforce his commands, much like Stalin\u2019s NKVD (secret police) enforced his. The confessions and executions of animals accused of treason in Animal Farm directly correspond to Stalin\u2019s Great Purges<\/a>\u200b, where he eliminated thousands of supposed \u201cenemies,\u201d often after forced confessions. Napoleon\u2019s readiness to spill blood to retain power is very much Stalin-like.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Napoleon blames Snowball for all problems on the farm \u2013 from the windmill\u2019s destruction to crop failures. This scapegoating is analogous to Stalin blaming \u201csaboteurs\u201d or Trotskyists for issues in the USSR. Through Squealer\u2019s propaganda, Napoleon cultivates an image as the farm\u2019s protector while depicting Snowball (Trotsky) as an evil agent. Stalin similarly painted himself as Lenin\u2019s true heir and denounced Trotsky as a traitor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Under Napoleon, the Seven Commandments are systematically broken and changed to suit the pigs\u2019 interests<\/a>. The crowning change \u2013 \u201cAll animals are equal, but some are more equal than others\u201d \u2013 reflects how Napoleon\/Stalin betrayed the founding egalitarian ideals. Stalin\u2019s regime, while preaching communism, became a hierarchy with the Party elite enjoying special privileges (just as the pigs do). Napoleon\u2019s trading with humans, adopting human behaviors, and finally becoming indistinguishable from Mr. Jones encapsulate how Stalin\u2019s governance became as oppressive as the Tsar\u2019s or any capitalist dictator\u2019s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In short, Napoleon is Orwell\u2019s satirical portrait of Stalin\u2019s personality and rule. He represents the corruption of socialist revolution by a dictatorial figure. Everything Napoleon does \u2013 from deceptively aligning with Pilkington or Frederick (echoing Stalin\u2019s pacts with Western powers or Nazi Germany) to rewriting history in his favor can be mapped onto Stalin\u2019s actions in the Soviet Union<\/a>\u200b. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Orwell chose the name Napoleon to evoke the image of another famous dictator (Napoleon Bonaparte) who betrayed a revolution, but the allegorical target is clearly Stalin. By understanding Napoleon as representing Stalin, readers grasp the full weight of Orwell\u2019s critique: Animal Farm is not just a tale of pigs and farm animals, but a denunciation of Stalin\u2019s totalitarian control over the Soviet Union and the betrayal of the Russian Revolution. Napoleon\u2019s rise and reign demonstrate how a leader can warp a noble cause into a vehicle for personal power and oppression, a fate tragically exemplified by Stalin\u2019s legacy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A literary analysis of George Orwell’s novella Animal Farm, a historically-based allegory about Soviet communism and totalitarian regimes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[116],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-89847","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guides"],"yoast_head":"\n![\"A](\"https:\/\/blog.scanmyessay.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Animal-Farm-analysis.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nChapter Summaries<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Animal Farm Chapter 1 Summary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
Animal Farm Chapter 2 Summary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
Animal Farm Chapter 3 Summary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Animal Farm Pigs Assert Their “Leadership”<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Animal Farm Chapter 4 Summary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
Heroic Snowball and Seeds of Jealousy<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Animal Farm Chapter 5 Summary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
Animal Farm Chapter 6 Summary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
The commandment changes ramp up<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Animal Farm Chapter 7 Summary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
The perversion of animalism<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Animal Farm Chapter 8 Summary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
The Outside World<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Animal Farm Chapter 9 Summary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Boxer meets his fate<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Animal Farm Chapter 10 Summary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Equality is an illusion<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n
Character Analysis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Napoleon (Animal Farm)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Napoleon and the Seven Commandments<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Snowball (Animal Farm)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Snowball vs Napoleon<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n
Benjamin (Animal Farm)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Friendship with Boxer<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Themes and Symbolism<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
What is totalitarianism in Animal Farm?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
Sustaining a Totalitarian Regime in Animal Farm<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
Animal Farm’s 7 Commandments and Their Manipulation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n
Amendments<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n
The Corruption of Ideals<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Propaganda and Language Control in Animal Farm<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Rewriting History<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Squealer\u2019s Soviet allegories<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Allegory and Historical Context<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Beginnings: Marx and Lenin<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Early Soviet Phase of Animal Farm<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
The Great Purge<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
World War II<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Animal characters <\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n
Human characters<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Card Game Scene and the Tehran Conference<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Animal Farm Ending: Interpretation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Continuing Discord<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Ending<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Summary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Who Does Napoleon Represent in Animal Farm?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Elimination of Rivals<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Cult of Personality<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Use of Fear and Violence<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Scapegoating and Propaganda<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Betrayal of Principles for Power<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
References (Harvard Style)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n